/* =====================================================
   MIU RESEARCH PORTAL
   MAIN STYLESHEET
===================================================== */

    :root {
        --primary: #075e54;
        --primary-dark: #064b44;
        --secondary: #c9a227;
        --dark: #102a2a;
        --text: #4d5c5c;
        --light: #f5f8f7;
        --white: #ffffff;
        --border: #e4ebea;
        --shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
        --container: 1200px;
        --transition: all 0.3s ease;
        --red: #c0272d;
        --red-dark: #a01f24;
        --gray: #e4e4e4;
        --ink: #161616;
        --body: #4a4a4a;
        --green:#1f6b3f;
    --blue:#0d3b66;
    --orange:#f07f1e;
    --orange-dark:#d96f14;
    }


    /* =====================================================
   RESET
===================================================== */

    * {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    html {
        scroll-behavior: smooth;
    }

    body {
        font-family: "Inter", sans-serif;
        color: var(--text);
        background: var(--white);
        line-height: 1.7;
    }

    a {
        text-decoration: none;
        color: inherit;
    }

    button,
    input {
        font-family: inherit;
    }

    button {
        cursor: pointer;
        border: none;
    }

    img {
        max-width: 100%;
        display: block;
    }

    ul {
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        list-style: none;
    }

    /* =====================================================
   CONTAINER
===================================================== */

    .container {
        width: min(92%, var(--container));
        margin: auto;
    }


    /* =====================================================
   TOP BAR
===================================================== */

    .topbar {
        background: var(--dark);
        color: #dce8e7;
        font-size: 13px;
    }

    .topbar-content {
        min-height: 38px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .top-left,
    .top-right {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .top-left span {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 7px;
    }

    .topbar i {
        color: var(--secondary);
    }

    .top-right a {
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .top-right a:hover {
        color: var(--secondary);
    }


    /* =====================================================
   HEADER
===================================================== */

    .header {
        background: var(--white);
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
        position: sticky;
        top: 0;
        z-index: 1000;
    }

    .nav-container {
        min-height: 82px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 25px;
    }


    /* =====================================================
   LOGO
===================================================== */
.Nvlogo {
    height: 50px;
}

    .logo,
    .footer-logo {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 12px;
        flex-shrink: 0;
    }

    .logo-symbol {
        width: 47px;
        height: 47px;
        background: var(--primary);
        color: var(--white);
        display: grid;
        place-items: center;
        border-radius: 8px;
        font-size: 22px;
    }

    .logo-text {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        line-height: 1.1;
    }

    .logo-text strong {
        font-size: 22px;
        color: var(--primary);
        font-weight: 800;
    }

    .logo-text span {
        color: #718080;
        font-size: 11px;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 1px;
        margin-top: 4px;
    }


    /* =====================================================
   NAVIGATION
===================================================== */

    .navbar {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        gap: 4px;
        flex: 1;
    }

    .navbar > a,
    .nav-dropdown > a {
        padding: 29px 10px;
        font-size: 13px;
        font-weight: 600;
        color: #354747;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 6px;
        transition: var(--transition);
        position: relative;
    }

    .navbar > a::after,
    .nav-dropdown > a::after {
        content: "";
        position: absolute;
        left: 10px;
        right: 10px;
        bottom: 19px;
        height: 2px;
        background: var(--primary);
        transform: scaleX(0);
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .navbar > a:hover,
    .nav-dropdown > a:hover,
    .navbar > a.active {
        color: var(--primary);
    }

    .navbar > a:hover::after,
    .nav-dropdown > a:hover::after,
    .navbar > a.active::after {
        transform: scaleX(1);
    }

    .nav-dropdown {
        position: relative;
    }

    .nav-dropdown > a i {
        font-size: 9px;
    }


    /* Dropdown */

    .dropdown-menu {
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        min-width: 220px;
        background: var(--white);
        border-top: 3px solid var(--primary);
        box-shadow: var(--shadow);
        padding: 8px 0;

        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        transform: translateY(10px);
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .nav-dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }

    .dropdown-menu a {
        display: block;
        padding: 10px 18px;
        color: #435454;
        font-size: 13px;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .dropdown-menu a:hover {
        background: var(--light);
        color: var(--primary);
        padding-left: 23px;
    }


    /* Header Search */

    .header-search {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        border-radius: 50%;
        background: var(--light);
        color: var(--primary);
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .header-search:hover {
        background: var(--primary);
        color: var(--white);
    }


    /* Mobile Menu */

    .mobile-menu-btn {
        display: none;
        width: 42px;
        height: 42px;
        background: var(--primary);
        color: var(--white);
        border-radius: 5px;
        font-size: 18px;
    }


    /* =====================================================
   MOBILE NAV
===================================================== */

    .mobile-nav {
        display: none;
    }


    /* ==========Common CSS start==========*/
    .wrap {
        max-width: var(--max);
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 0 32px;
    }

    @media (max-width:640px) {
        .wrap {
            padding: 0 20px;
        }
    }

    /* ---------- Skip link / focus ---------- */
    .skip-link {
        position: absolute;
        left: -999px;
        top: 0;
        background: var(--brass);
        color: #fff;
        padding: 10px 16px;
        z-index: 200;
    }

    .skip-link:focus {
        left: 12px;
        top: 12px;
    }

    a:focus-visible,
    button:focus-visible,
    input:focus-visible {
        outline: 2px solid var(--brass);
        outline-offset: 2px;
    }

    /* ---------- Header / Nav ---------- */
    header.site {
        background: var(--green-deep);
        color: #EDEFE6;
        position: sticky;
        top: 0;
        z-index: 100;
        border-bottom: 3px solid var(--brass);
    }

    .nav-bar {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        padding-top: 14px;
        padding-bottom: 14px;
    }

    .masthead-mark {
        display: flex;
        align-items: baseline;
        gap: 10px;
        color: #F5F3E9;
        font-family: 'Fraunces', serif;
        font-weight: 600;
        font-size: 1.3rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    }

    .masthead-mark span.sub {
        font-family: 'Public Sans', sans-serif;
        font-weight: 500;
        font-size: 0.68rem;
        color: #B9C4B0;
        letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    }

    section {
        padding: 64px 0;
    }

    section.panel {
        background: var(--bg-panel);
    }

    .rule-top {
        border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }

    .section-head {
        margin-bottom: 36px;
        max-width: 70ch;
    }

    .kicker {
        display: block;
        font-family: 'Fraunces', serif;
        font-style: italic;
        font-weight: 500;
        color: #075e54;
        font-size: 1.02rem;
        margin-bottom: 8px;
    }

    .section-head h2 {
        font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.3rem);
    }

    .section-head p {
        margin-top: 14px;
    }

    /* ==========Common CSS End==========*/
    /* ==========About the journal==========*/
    .prose-cols {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 48px;
        text-align: justify;
    }

    @media (max-width:760px) {
        .prose-cols {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }

    /* ==========About the journal End==========*/

    /* ---------- Aims list ---------- */
    .aims-list {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 0 40px;
    }

    @media (max-width:700px) {
        .aims-list {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }

    .aims-list li {
        padding: 16px 0;
        border-top: 1px solid #075e54;
        color: var(--ink-soft);
        font-size: 0.97rem;
    }

    /* ====================*/
    /* ====================*/
    /* ---------- Scope grid ---------- */
    .scope-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        gap: 1px;
        background: #C7C2AC;
        border: 1px solid #C7C2AC;
    }

    @media (max-width:760px) {
        .scope-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }

    .scope-cell {
        background: #FBFAF6;
        padding: 26px 28px;
    }

    .scope-cell h3 {
        font-size: 1.08rem;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
        color: #075e54;
    }

    .scope-cell ul li {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        color: var(--ink-soft);
        padding: 5px 0;
    }

    /* ========Scope and Research Areas end===========*/
    /* ---------- Three-up policy blocks ---------- */
    .policy-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
        gap: 40px;
    }

    @media (max-width:820px) {
        .policy-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }

    .policy-block h3 {
        font-size: 1.15rem;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
        color: #075e54;
    }

    .policy-block p {
        font-size: 0.93rem;
        text-align: justify;
    }


    /*============================================*/
    /*================archive Start====================*/
    .archive-list {
        margin-top: 8px;
    }

    .archive-list li {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        padding: 14px 0;
        border-top: 1px solid #DAD6C4;
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .archive-list li:last-child {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
    }

    .archive-list .vol {
        font-family: 'Fraunces', serif;
        font-size: 1.05rem;
    }

    .archive-list .placeholder-date {
        color: var(--ink-faint);
        font-style: italic;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }

    /*================archive end======================*/
    /* ---------- Current issue / archive ---------- */
    .issue-card {
        display: flex;
        gap: 28px;
        background: var(--paper);
        border: 1px solid #DAD6C4;
        padding: 32px;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    @media (max-width:640px) {
        .issue-card {
            flex-direction: column;
        }
    }

    .issue-num {
        font-family: 'Fraunces', serif;
        font-size: 2.6rem;
        color: var(--brass);
        min-width: 110px;
        line-height: 1;
    }

    .issue-num small {
        display: block;
        font-family: 'Public Sans', sans-serif;
        font-size: 0.7rem;
        color: var(--ink-faint);
        font-weight: 600;
        margin-top: 6px;
    }

    .issue-note {
        font-style: italic;
        color: var(--ink-faint);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }

    .toc-list {
        counter-reset: toc;
        list-style: none;
        padding-left: 0;
        margin: 0;
    }

    .toc-list li {
        counter-increment: toc;
        padding: 16px 0 16px 40px;
        border-top: 1px solid #DAD6C4;
        position: relative;
    }

    .toc-list li:last-child {
        border-bottom: 1px solid #DAD6C4;
    }

    .toc-list li::before {
        content: counter(toc);
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        top: 16px;
        font-family: 'Fraunces', serif;
        color: var(--brass);
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .toc-list h4 {
        font-size: 0.96rem;
        margin-bottom: 4px;
        font-weight: 500;
        font-family: Poppins;
    }

    .toc-list p {
        font-size: 0.86rem;
        margin-bottom: 0;
        color: var(--ink-faint);
    }

    .toc-list p a {
        color: var(--ink-faint);
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    /* ---------- Current issue / archive  end---------- */
    .banner_box {
        max-width: 1620px;
        margin: auto;
    }

    .banner_area {
        position: relative;
        z-index: 1;
        min-height: 300px;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner {
        position: relative;
        overflow: hidden;
        width: 100%;
        min-height: 300px;
        background: #04091e;
        z-index: 1;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .overlay {
        background: url(../img/banner2.jpg) no-repeat scroll center center;
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        top: 0;
        height: 125%;
        bottom: 0;
        z-index: -1;
        opacity: .6;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content h2 {
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 48px;
        font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif;
        margin-bottom: 0px;
        font-weight: bold;
        text-align: center;
        padding-top: 80px;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content .page_link {
        text-align: center;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content .page_link a {
        font-size: 14px;
        color: #fff;
        font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif;
        margin-right: 32px;
        position: relative;

    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content .page_link a::before {
        content: "\e87a";
        font-family: 'Linearicons-Free';
        position: absolute;
        right: -25px;
        top: 50%;
        transform: translateY(-50%);
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content .page_link a:last-child {
        margin-right: 0px;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content .page_link a:last-child:before {
        display: none;
    }

    .banner_area .banner_inner .banner_content .page_link a:hover {
        color: #4dbf1c;
    }




    /*=============research center start==============*/
    .section_re {
        padding-top: 90px;
    }

    /*=============research center End==============*/
    /*=============Editorial Board start==============*/
    .svg-defs {
        position: absolute;
        width: 0;
        height: 0;
        pointer-events: none;

    }

    section.panel {
        background: #E7EAE0;
    }

    .team-section {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 1200px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .team-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    /* Card Wrapper */
    .team-card {
        background-color: var(--card-bg);
        border: 1px solid var(--card-border);
        border-radius: 12px;
        padding: 1.25rem;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        transition: transform 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
    }

    .team-card:hover {
        transform: translateY(-4px);
        border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    }

    /* Custom Shaped Image Container */
    .image-frame {
        position: relative;
        width: 90%;
        aspect-ratio: 1 / 1.05;
        background-color: #ffffff;
        /* Custom geometric clip-path referenced from SVG definition */
        clip-path: url(#tech-badge-shape);
        margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
        overflow: hidden;
    }

    .image-frame img {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        object-fit: cover;
        object-position: top center;
        filter: none;
        transition: filter 0.3s ease;
    }

    .team-card:hover .image-frame img {
        filter: grayscale(0%) contrast(1);
    }

    /* Text & Meta Information */
    .role-title {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
        font-weight: 500;
        color: var(--text-subtitle);
        margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    }

    .member-name {
        font-size: 14px;
        font-weight: 700;
        color: var(--text-title);
        margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
        line-height: 1.2;
    }

    .member-bio {
        font-size: 0.8rem;
        color: var(--text-subtitle);
        line-height: 1.4;
        margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
        min-height: 2.4em;
    }

    /* Responsive Breakdown */
    @media (max-width: 1024px) {
        .team-grid {
            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        }
    }

    @media (max-width: 560px) {
        .team-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }

    /*=============Editorial Board End==============*/
    /*=============Submission start==============*/
    .audit-section {
        max-width: 760px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }

    .audit-title {
        font-size: 28px;
        font-weight: 800;
        letter-spacing: 0.5px;
        margin: 0 0 48px;
    }

    .audit-row {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 140px 1fr;
        align-items: center;
        column-gap: 24px;
        position: relative;
        min-height: 170px;
    }

    .audit-row:not(:last-child) {
        margin-bottom: -28px;
    }

    /* winding coil circle */
    .coil {
        width: 140px;
        height: 170px;
        position: relative;
    }

    .coil svg {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        display: block;
    }

    .step-label {
        position: absolute;
        top: 50%;
        left: 50%;
        transform: translate(-50%, -58%);
        text-align: center;
    }

    .step-label .step {
        font-size: 12px;
        letter-spacing: 1px;
        color: var(--ink);
        font-weight: 600;
    }

    .step-label .num {
        font-size: 34px;
        font-weight: 800;
        color: var(--ink);
        line-height: 1;
    }

    .audit-content {
        display: flex;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 16px;
    }

    .audit-content.reverse {
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
        text-align: right;
    }

    .audit-icon {
        flex: 0 0 auto;
        width: 44px;
        height: 44px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        
    }

    .audit-icon svg {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
    }

    .audit-text {
        flex: 1;
    }

    .audit-text h3 {
        margin: 0 0 6px;
        font-size: 17px;
        font-weight: 700;
        position: relative;
        padding-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .audit-text h3::after {
        content: "";
        position: absolute;
        left: 0;
        bottom: 0;
        width: 110%;
        height: 2px;
        background: var(--red);
    }

    .audit-content.reverse .audit-text h3::after {
        left: auto;
        right: 0;
    }

    .audit-text p {
        margin: 0;
        font-size: 14px;
        line-height: 1.55;
        color: var(--body);
    }

    .audit-footer {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 8px;
        margin-top: 36px;
    }

    .audit-footer .logo {
        font-weight: 800;
        font-size: 20px;
        letter-spacing: 1px;
    }

    .audit-footer .logo span {
        background: var(--red);
        color: #fff;
        padding: 2px 8px;
        margin-left: 4px;
        border-radius: 3px;
    }

    @media (max-width:600px) {
        .audit-row {
            grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
        }

        .coil {
            width: 100px;
            height: 130px;
        }

        .step-label .num {
            font-size: 24px;
        }

        .step-label .step {
            font-size: 10px;
        }

        .audit-content,
        .audit-content.reverse {
            flex-direction: column;
            text-align: left;
        }

        .audit-content.reverse {
            text-align: left;
        }

        .audit-text h3::after {
            width: 60%;
        }
    }


.cta-banner{
    max-width:1200px;
    margin:0 auto;
    position:relative;
    border-radius:14px;
    overflow:hidden;
    min-height:210px;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    padding:36px 48px;
    gap:24px;
    flex-wrap:wrap;
    margin-bottom: 20px;

    /* Backdrop: swap this url() for your own campus photo */
    background-image:
      linear-gradient(100deg, rgba(20,90,55,0.88) 0%, rgba(13,59,102,0.9) 100%),
      url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1541339907198-e08756dedf3f?auto=format&fit=crop&w=1400&q=60');
    background-size:cover;
    background-position:center;
  }

  .cta-text{
    max-width:640px;
    color:#fff;
    position:relative;
    z-index:2;
  }
  .cta-text h2{
    margin:0 0 14px;
    font-size:26px;
    font-weight:700;
  }
  .cta-text p{
    margin:0;
    font-size:15px;
    line-height:1.6;
    color:rgba(255,255,255,0.88);
  }

  .cta-button{
    flex:0 0 auto;
    position:relative;
    z-index:2;
    display:inline-flex;
    align-items:center;
    gap:10px;
    background:var(--orange);
    color:#fff;
    text-decoration:none;
    font-weight:600;
    font-size:15px;
    padding:15px 28px;
    border-radius:8px;
    transition:background 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
  }
  .cta-button:hover{
    background:var(--orange-dark);
    transform:translateY(-1px);
  }
  .cta-button svg{
    width:18px;
    height:18px;
    flex:0 0 auto;
  }

  @media (max-width:700px){
    .cta-banner{
      padding:28px 24px;
      justify-content:flex-start;
    }
    .cta-text h2{ font-size:21px; }
    .cta-text p{ font-size:14px; }
    .cta-button{ width:100%; justify-content:center; }
  }

.Peer{
    text-align: justify;
}


        .card {
            background: #ffffff;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 480px;
            border-radius: 16px;
            padding: 40px 36px;
            box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
        }

        .card h1 {
            margin: 0 0 8px;
            font-size: 24px;
            color: #1f2430;
        }

        .card p.subtitle {
            margin: 0 0 28px;
            color: #6b7280;
            font-size: 14px;
        }

        label {
            display: block;
            font-size: 13px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: #374151;
            margin-bottom: 6px;
        }

        input[type="text"],
        input[type="email"],
        textarea {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 11px 13px;
            border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
            border-radius: 8px;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-bottom: 18px;
            outline: none;
            transition: border-color 0.2s;
            font-family: inherit;
        }

        input[type="text"]:focus,
        input[type="email"]:focus,
        textarea:focus {
            border-color: #4f6df5;
        }

        textarea {
            resize: vertical;
            min-height: 80px;
        }

        .file-drop {
            border: 2px dashed #c7cdf7;
            border-radius: 10px;
            background: #f7f8ff;
            padding: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 22px;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: background 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
        }

        .file-drop:hover,
        .file-drop.dragover {
            background: #eef0ff;
            border-color: #C79A4B;
        }

        .file-drop p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 13px;
            color: #6b7280;
        }

        .file-drop p.filename {
            margin-top: 8px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: #4f6df5;
            word-break: break-all;
        }

        .file-drop svg {
            margin-bottom: 8px;
        }

        input[type="file"] {
            display: none;
        }

        button {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 13px;
            background: #C79A4B;
            color: #fff;
            border: none;
            border-radius: 8px;
            font-size: 15px;
            font-weight: 600;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: background 0.2s;
        }

        button:hover {
            background: #3d59d6;
        }

        .note {
            margin-top: 18px;
            font-size: 12px;
            color: #9ca3af;
            text-align: center;
        }
    /*=============Submission End==============*/
    /* =====================================================
   FOOTER
===================================================== */

    .footer {
        background: #0a2423;
        color: #aebfbd;
        padding-top: 70px;
    }

    .footer-grid {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 60px;
        padding-bottom: 55px;
    }

    .footer-logo .logo-text strong {
        color: var(--white);
    }

    .footer-logo .logo-text span {
        color: #8ea4a1;
    }

    .footer-logo .logo-symbol {
        background: var(--secondary);
        color: #17251e;
    }

    .footer-about p {
        max-width: 420px;
        margin: 20px 0;
        font-size: 12px;
        line-height: 1.8;
    }

    .footer-social {
        display: flex;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .footer-social a {
        width: 34px;
        height: 34px;
        display: grid;
        place-items: center;
        border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.13);
        border-radius: 4px;
        font-size: 12px;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .footer-social a:hover {
        background: var(--primary);
        color: var(--white);
    }

    .footer-column h3 {
        color: var(--white);
        font-size: 14px;
        margin-bottom: 18px;
    }

    .footer-column a {
        display: block;
        font-size: 11px;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
        transition: var(--transition);
    }

    .footer-column a:hover {
        color: var(--secondary);
        padding-left: 4px;
    }


    /* Footer Bottom */

    .footer-bottom {
        border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    }

    .footer-bottom-content {
        min-height: 65px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .footer-bottom p,
    .footer-bottom a {
        font-size: 10px;
    }

    .footer-bottom div {
        display: flex;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .footer-bottom a:hover {
        color: var(--secondary);
    }


    /* =====================================================
   RESPONSIVE
===================================================== */

    @media (max-width: 1100px) {

        .navbar {
            gap: 0;
        }

        .navbar > a,
        .nav-dropdown > a {
            padding-left: 7px;
            padding-right: 7px;
            font-size: 11px;
        }

        .hero-content {
            gap: 35px;
        }

        .hero-text h1 {
            font-size: 50px;
        }

    }


    @media (max-width: 900px) {

        .top-left span:first-child {
            display: none;
        }

        .navbar,
        .header-search {
            display: none;
        }

        .mobile-menu-btn {
            display: block;
            margin-left: auto;
        }

        .mobile-nav {
            display: block;
            background: var(--white);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
            box-shadow: var(--shadow);

            max-height: 0;
            overflow: hidden;
            transition: max-height 0.4s ease;
        }

        .mobile-nav.active {
            max-height: 600px;
        }

        .mobile-nav > a {
            display: block;
            padding: 13px 4%;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
            font-size: 13px;
            font-weight: 600;
        }

        .mobile-nav > a:hover,
        .mobile-nav > a.active {
            color: var(--primary);
            background: var(--light);
        }

        .mobile-login {
            display: flex;
            gap: 10px;
            padding: 15px 4%;
        }

        .mobile-login a {
            color: var(--primary);
            font-size: 12px;
            font-weight: 700;
        }

        .hero-content {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            padding-top: 75px;
        }

        .hero-search-card {
            max-width: 700px;
        }

        .research-grid,
        .journal-grid,
        .project-grid,
        .news-grid {
            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        }

        .areas-grid {
            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        }

        .footer-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
        }

    }


    @media (max-width: 650px) {

        .topbar {
            display: none;
        }

        .nav-container {
            min-height: 70px;
        }

        .logo-symbol {
            width: 40px;
            height: 40px;
        }

        .logo-text strong {
            font-size: 19px;
        }

        .logo-text span {
            font-size: 9px;
        }

        .hero-content {
            min-height: auto;
            padding-top: 55px;
            padding-bottom: 55px;
        }

        .hero-text h1 {
            font-size: 43px;
        }

        .hero-text p {
            font-size: 14px;
        }

        .hero-search-card {
            padding: 25px;
        }

        .hero-search-card h3 {
            font-size: 23px;
        }

        .hero-search-form {
            flex-direction: column;
            border: none;
            gap: 7px;
        }

        .hero-search-form input {
            border: 1px solid var(--border);
            border-radius: 5px;
            min-height: 45px;
        }

        .hero-search-form button {
            min-height: 43px;
        }

        .stats-grid {
            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        }

        .stat-item {
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
            border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
        }

        .section {
            padding: 65px 0;
        }

        .section-heading {
            align-items: flex-start;
            flex-direction: column;
        }

        .section-heading h2 {
            font-size: 31px;
        }

        .research-grid,
        .journal-grid,
        .project-grid,
        .news-grid,
        .areas-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }

        .research-card,
        .journal-card,
        .project-card,
        .news-card {
            max-width: 500px;
            margin: auto;
            width: 100%;
        }

        .call-container {
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: flex-start;
        }

        .newsletter-container {
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: flex-start;
        }

        .newsletter-form {
            width: 100%;
        }

        .footer-grid {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
            gap: 40px;
        }

        .footer-about {
            grid-column: 1 / -1;
        }

        .footer-bottom-content {
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: center;
            padding: 20px 0;
            text-align: center;
        }




        @media (max-width: 420px) {

            .stats-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }

            .stat-item {
                border-right: none;
            }

            .hero-text h1 {
                font-size: 37px;
            }

            .hero-buttons {
                flex-direction: column;
                align-items: stretch;
            }

            .btn {
                width: 100%;
            }

            .footer-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }

        }